Consensus and finality

BOT Chain uses Parlia consensus with fast finality, so your app can treat a transaction as settled within a couple of seconds. This page explains how that works and how to check it from code.

Why it matters

“Included in a block” and “final” are not the same thing. A block can, in rare cases, be replaced by another block at the same height. A final block can’t be. Apps that move value, such as a bridge, an exchange or a payment checkout, should wait for finality. A simple counter app doesn’t need to.

How it works

Block production

BOT Chain’s docs describe its consensus as Parlia, the engine from BNB Smart Chain, with a difficulty-based fork choice and FFG (Casper’s “friendly finality gadget”) for finality. BOT Chain’s homepage describes it as hybrid SPoA consensus. See the JSON-RPC page and botchain.ai. In practice:

A fixed set of validators takes turns producing blocks.
Each validator produces several blocks in a row before handing over, as described in BEP-341. On 2026-10-01 each validator produced 16 consecutive blocks on both networks.
A new block arrives about every 0.75 seconds. BOT Chain’s homepage states this, and we measured exactly 750 seconds for 1,000 blocks on both networks on 2026-10-01.

Finality

Validators vote on recent blocks. Once enough validators have voted, a block is justified, and then finalized. A finalized block can’t be reverted without a large share of validators breaking the rules and being penalized for it. BOT Chain’s homepage describes average finality of about 0.9 seconds. Rather than rely on a fixed number, ask the node which block is final. The standard JSON-RPC block tags do this:

Tag	Meaning
`latest`	The newest block. It could still be replaced.
`safe`	A block that has been justified by validator votes.
`finalized`	A block that is final.

In our checks on 2026-10-01, finalized was usually 1 to 2 blocks behind latest on both networks, and safe was 1 block behind. At 0.75 seconds per block, that means a transaction was final within a couple of seconds.

Check finality from your code

cast block finalized --field number --rpc-url https://rpc.bohr.life
cast block latest --field number --rpc-url https://rpc.bohr.life

import { createPublicClient, http } from "viem";

const client = createPublicClient({
  transport: http("https://rpc.bohr.life"),
});

const latest = await client.getBlock({ blockTag: "latest" });
const finalized = await client.getBlock({ blockTag: "finalized" });

console.log("latest", latest.number, "finalized", finalized.number);

To wait until a transaction is final, compare its block number with the finalized block:

wait-final.js

import { createPublicClient, http } from "viem";

const client = createPublicClient({
  transport: http("https://rpc.bohr.life"),
});

export async function waitForFinality(hash) {
  const receipt = await client.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash });
  while (true) {
    const finalized = await client.getBlock({ blockTag: "finalized" });
    if (finalized.number >= receipt.blockNumber) return receipt;
    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 500));
  }
}

How long should my app wait?

What you’re doing	Wait for
Updating a UI after a click	The receipt (`latest`).
Showing a payment as received	`finalized`.
Releasing goods or funds in response to a deposit	`finalized`, and check the receipt status.

Gas and fees

What transactions cost.

JSON-RPC

Every method the RPC supports.

Bridge tracking

Follow a transfer across chains.

What is BOT Chain

The bigger picture.

Introduction

Quickstart

BOT Chain basics

Consensus and finality

Why it matters

How it works

Block production

Finality

Check finality from your code

How long should my app wait?

Gas and fees

JSON-RPC

Bridge tracking

What is BOT Chain

​Why it matters

​How it works

​Block production

​Finality

​Check finality from your code

​How long should my app wait?

​Related pages

Gas and fees

JSON-RPC

Bridge tracking

What is BOT Chain

Why it matters

How it works

Block production

Finality

Check finality from your code

How long should my app wait?

Related pages